EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

Discuss the emergence of sociology.

Human beings have always been interested in knowing and thinking about their society but the subject of sociology emerged after the French revolution (1789). Sociology has long past and we can observe the root of sociology in the ‘politics’ of Aristotle and ‘economics’ of Kautilya. The statement of Aristotle ‘man is a social animal’, in his politics sowed the roots of sociology. Saint Simon contributed a lot to the emergence of sociology goes to the French philosopher Auguste Comte. Comte named the sociology and he is known as the father of sociology.

Explain the contribution of Auguste comte in the development of sociology.

Auguste Comte is the founder father of sociology. He was born in 1798 A.D. and died in 1857. He wrote the book ‘positive philosophy’ (1838) and contributed to the development of sociology. He classified three stages of evolution of human society.

These stages are as follows:

1. Theological stage: It is the first stage of human society. In this stage every social phenomena are explained in terms of religion.

2. Metaphysical stage: In this stage every social phenomena were explained on the philosophical basics.

3.  Positivism: It is the last and modern stage of human society. In this stage every phenomena are explained on the basics of scientific knowledge.

Contribution of Herbert Spencer

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) wrote the ‘principles of sociology’ in three volumes. He explains the University of the Evolution. Spencer is of view that society evolves in the same manner as animal species (organism). In the process of evolution societies became more differentiated and complex.

Contribution of Emile Durkheim

Durkheim (1858-1917) is a French sociology. He wrote several books such as: ‘division of labour in society’ (1893), ‘the rule of sociological method’ (1895), ‘Suicide’ (1897), etc and contributed to the development of sociology