SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL SYSTEM

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL SYSTEM

What do you mean by social structure? Explain.

Social structure is the way of society organized into expected relationships. It is concerned with the principle forms of social organizations and institutions. It is an ordered arrangement of parts. The parts of social structure are marriage, family, kinship, economy, norms and values, hospitals, bank, police, polity, law, etc. These parts are inter-related and structure of society can be realized.

What the characteristics of social structure?

Social structure is created from the inter-related social parts. The characteristics of it can present as follows:

1. Normative system: It is a normative system. Social structure is inter- related system on the basis of social norms. The individual in society perform their role in accordance with the accepted norms of society.

2. Position system: Position is the status and role of the individual. Status refers to the position that an individual occupies in society. It is the source of prestige in society.

3. Sanction system: It is a system of rewards and punishments in society.

4. A system of anticipated response: The anticipated response system calls upon the individual to participate into social system.

What is social organization?

Social organization is an arrangement of individuals. Churches, colleges, play groups, political parties are social organizations because there are arrangements of individuals. Individuals get certain position in social organization.

What are the elements of social structure?

The elements of social structure are as follows:

1. Need to pursue a goal: Individuals are basic components of social structure. Human beings have diverse interest and goals. So, it needs to pursue a common goal.

2. Preparedness to accept ones role and status: Every individual have different position in the society. They perform their role and status. Role and status are varied accordance with their position. So, they should be prepared to accept one’s role and status.

3. Norms and mores: Norms are the socially approved ways of behaviour. Norms defined the role of an individual. Every organization has specific norms.

What is social system?

A social system is an orderly and systematic arrangement of social interaction. It is made up of different parts of society and parts of society perform different functions.

What are the components of social system?

The components of social system are:

1. Belief and knowledge.

2. Sentiments towards society.

3. Objective.

4. Norms.

5. Status and role.

6. Ranking.

7. Power.

8. Power of reward and punishment.

9. Facility.

What is social psychology?

What is social psychology?

The branch of sociology that studies the behaviour of people in a situation of crowds or mob is called social psychology. Crowd behaviour is often called collective behaviour which is the subject matter of psychology and is distinguished from behaviour that takes place in groups and institutions

such as: neighbourhood, families. The latter is called social behaviour. The study of which is the subject matter of sociology. Social psychology lies between sociology and psychology.

What is psychology?

The discipline that focuses on upon the individual is known as psychology. It studies the mental structure of the individual, his/her memory, intelligence, deep rooted complexes and psychological problems. In other words, psychology tries to understand why an individual behaves in the manners he/she does. It studies mental facts.

What is applied science?

The branch of sociology that takes up the areas of application is called applied sociology.

What do you mean by pure science and applied science?

Science is drawn in every scientific field. Pure science is search for knowledge without primary concern for its practical use. Applied science is the search for ways of using scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. A sociologist making a study of the social structure, a slump neighbourhood is working as a basic scientist. If this is followed by or study how to prevent delinquency in a slump neighbourhood. This is applied science.

EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

Discuss the emergence of sociology.

Human beings have always been interested in knowing and thinking about their society but the subject of sociology emerged after the French revolution (1789). Sociology has long past and we can observe the root of sociology in the ‘politics’ of Aristotle and ‘economics’ of Kautilya. The statement of Aristotle ‘man is a social animal’, in his politics sowed the roots of sociology. Saint Simon contributed a lot to the emergence of sociology goes to the French philosopher Auguste Comte. Comte named the sociology and he is known as the father of sociology.

Explain the contribution of Auguste comte in the development of sociology.

Auguste Comte is the founder father of sociology. He was born in 1798 A.D. and died in 1857. He wrote the book ‘positive philosophy’ (1838) and contributed to the development of sociology. He classified three stages of evolution of human society.

These stages are as follows:

1. Theological stage: It is the first stage of human society. In this stage every social phenomena are explained in terms of religion.

2. Metaphysical stage: In this stage every social phenomena were explained on the philosophical basics.

3.  Positivism: It is the last and modern stage of human society. In this stage every phenomena are explained on the basics of scientific knowledge.

Contribution of Herbert Spencer

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) wrote the ‘principles of sociology’ in three volumes. He explains the University of the Evolution. Spencer is of view that society evolves in the same manner as animal species (organism). In the process of evolution societies became more differentiated and complex.

Contribution of Emile Durkheim

Durkheim (1858-1917) is a French sociology. He wrote several books such as: ‘division of labour in society’ (1893), ‘the rule of sociological method’ (1895), ‘Suicide’ (1897), etc and contributed to the development of sociology